System Design Jul 1, 2026 6 min read
Database Connection Pooling Explained
Learn database connection pooling for backend systems, including pool size, timeouts, leaks, max connections, queues, monitoring, and common mistakes.
Category
System Design
15 articles in this category. Use this page as a focused path through related backend concepts.
System Design Jul 1, 2026 6 min read
Database Migration Rollback Explained
Learn database migration rollback strategies, including backward-compatible changes, expand-contract migrations, backups, deploy order, and recovery plans.
System Design Jul 1, 2026 5 min read
N+1 Query Problem Explained
Learn the N+1 query problem in backend apps, including ORM loading, SQL examples, eager loading, batching, joins, query counts, and fixes.
System Design Jun 29, 2026 4 min read
Background Jobs Explained
Learn how background jobs work in backend systems, including queues, workers, retries, scheduling, idempotency, and monitoring.
System Design Jun 29, 2026 5 min read
Caching Strategies Explained
Learn common backend caching strategies, including cache-aside, write-through, write-behind, TTLs, invalidation, and cache stampede risks.
System Design Jun 29, 2026 4 min read
Circuit Breaker Pattern Explained
Learn how the circuit breaker pattern protects backend services from cascading failures, with closed, open, and half-open states.
System Design Jun 29, 2026 4 min read
Distributed Locks Explained
Learn what distributed locks are, when backend systems use them, why they are risky, and what safer alternatives to consider.
System Design Jun 29, 2026 5 min read
Eventual Consistency Explained
Learn what eventual consistency means in distributed systems, why stale reads happen, and how backend teams design around them.
System Design Jun 29, 2026 5 min read
Database Sharding Explained
Learn what database sharding is, when backend systems need it, how shard keys work, and what tradeoffs sharding creates.
System Design Jun 29, 2026 4 min read
Database Transactions Explained
Learn what database transactions are, why ACID matters, how commits and rollbacks work, and what backend developers should know.
System Design Jun 29, 2026 4 min read
Message Queues Explained
Learn how message queues work in backend systems, including producers, consumers, retries, dead-letter queues, ordering, and idempotency.
System Design Jun 29, 2026 5 min read
Load Balancing Explained
Learn how load balancing distributes traffic across backend servers, including algorithms, health checks, sticky sessions, and tradeoffs.
System Design Jun 29, 2026 5 min read
Retry Patterns Explained
Learn safe backend retry patterns, including exponential backoff, jitter, retry budgets, idempotency, and when not to retry.
System Design Jun 28, 2026 4 min read
Database Indexes Explained
Learn how database indexes work, why they speed up reads, when they slow down writes, and how backend developers should choose indexes.
System Design Jun 28, 2026 4 min read
Optimistic Locking Explained
Learn how optimistic locking prevents lost updates in backend systems using version columns, compare-and-swap updates, and 409 conflicts.